List of Academic Disciplines Information
An academic discipline, or field of study, is a branch of knowledge that is taught and researched at the college or university level. Disciplines are defined (in part), and recognized by the academic journals in which research is published, and the learned societies and academic departments or faculties to which their practitioners belong.
Fields of study usually have several sub-disciplines or branches, and the distinguishing lines between these are often both arbitrary and ambiguous.[1]
Overview
The University of Paris in 1231 consisted of four faculties: Theology, Medicine, Canon Law and Arts.[2] Most academic disciplines have their roots in the mid- to late-19th century secularization of universities, when the traditional curricula were supplemented with non-classical languages and literatures, social sciences such as political science, economics, sociology and public administration, and natural science and technology disciplines such as physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering.
In the early 20th century, new disciplines such as education and psychology were added. In the 1970s and 1980s, there was an explosion of new disciplines focusing on specific themes, such as media studies, women's studies, and black studies. Many disciplines designed as preparation for careers and professions, such as nursing, hospitality management, and corrections, also emerged in the universities. Finally, interdisciplinary scientific fields such as biochemistry and geophysics gained prominence as their contribution to knowledge became widely recognized.
There is no consensus on how some academic disciplines should be classified, e.g., whether anthropology and linguistics are social sciences disciplines or humanities disciplines. More generally, the proper criteria for organizing knowledge into disciplines are also open to debate.
An asterisk (*) denotes a field whose academic status has been debated among this article's editors.
Humanities
Main article: HumanitiesHistory
Main articles: History and Branches of historyLanguages and linguistics
Main articles: Language, Linguistics, Lists of languages, and Branches of linguisticsLiterature
Main articles: Literature and Outline of literaturePerforming arts
Main articles: Performing arts and Outline of performing artsPhilosophy
Main articles: Philosophy and Outline of philosophyReligion
Main article: Religious studies See also: List of religions and spiritual traditions
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Visual arts
Main articles: Visual arts and Outline of visual artsSocial sciences
Main article: Social scienceAnthropology
Main articles: Anthropology and Outline of anthropologyArchaeology
Main articles: Archaeology and Outline of archeology See also: Branches of archaeologyArea studies
Main article: Area studies
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Cultural and ethnic studies
Main articles: Cultural studies and Ethnic studies
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Economics
Main articles: Economics and Outline of economicsGender and sexuality studies
Main article: Gender and sexuality studies
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Geography
Main articles: Geography and Outline of geographyPolitical science
Main article: Political science See also: Outline of politicsPsychology
Main article: Psychology See also: Branches of psychology, Cognitive science, Affective science, and Behavioural sciencesSociology
Main articles: Sociology and Outline of sociologyNatural sciences
Main articles: Natural science and Outline of natural scienceSpace sciences
Main article: Space science- See also Outline of astronomy
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Earth sciences
Main articles: Earth science and Outline of earth science- See also Branches of earth sciences
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Life sciences
Main article: Life sciences- See also Branches of life sciences
Chemistry
Main articles: Chemistry and Outline of chemistry- See also Branches of chemistry
Physics
Main articles: Physics and Outline of physics- See also Branches of physics
Formal sciences
Main article: Formal sciencesComputer sciences
Main articles: Computer sciences and Outline of computer science- See also Branches of computer science and ACM Computing Classification System
Logic
Main articles: Logic and Outline of logicMathematics
Main articles: Mathematics and Outline of mathematics- See also Branches of mathematics and AMS Mathematics Subject Classification
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Statistics
Main articles: Statistics and Outline of statisticsSystems science
Main article: Systems scienceProfessions and Applied sciences
Main articles: Profession and Applied scienceAgriculture
Main articles: Agriculture and Outline of agricultureArchitecture and design
Main articles: Architecture and DesignBusiness
Main articles: Business and Business educationDivinity
Main article: Divinity (academic discipline)
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Education
Main articles: Education and Outline of educationEngineering
Main articles: Engineering, Outline of engineering, and Engineering education- See also Branches of engineering
Environmental studies and Forestry
Main articles: Environmental studies and ForestryFamily and consumer science
Main article: Family and consumer science
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Health sciences
Main article: Health science- See also Branches of medicine
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Human physical performance and recreation*
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Journalism, media studies and communication
Main articles: Journalism, Media studies, and Communication studiesLaw
Main article: LawLibrary and museum studies
Main articles: Library science and MuseologyMilitary sciences
Main article: Military science
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Public administration
Main article: Public administrationSocial work
Main article: Social workTransportation
Main article: Transportation theorySee also
Main article: Branches of science- Academia
- Academic genealogy
- Curriculum
- Interdisciplinarity
- Transdisciplinary studies
- Classification of Instructional Programs
- Joint Academic Classification of Subjects
- Outline of education
- List of fields of doctoral studies
Notes
- ^ Andrew Abbott, Chaos of Disciplines University Of Chicago Press 2001 ISBN 0-226-00101-6
- ^ History of Education, Encyclopædia Britannica (1977, 15th edition), Macropaedia Volume 6, p. 337
References
- Andrew Abbott, Chaos of Disciplines University Of Chicago Press 2001 ISBN 0-226-00101-6
- Alexandra Oleson & John Voss (eds) The Organization of Knowledge in Modern America, 1860-1920 Johns Hopkins University Press 1979 ISBN 0-8018-2108-8
- US Department of Education Institute of Education Sciences. Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP). National Center for Education Statistics.
External links
- Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP 2000): Developed by the U.S. Department of Education's National Center for Education Statistics to provide a taxonomic scheme that will support the accurate tracking, assessment, and reporting of fields of study and program completions activity.
- Complete JACS (Joint Academic Classification of Subjects) from Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA) in the United Kingdom
- Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification (ANZSRC 2008) (web-page) Chapter 3 and Appendix 1: Fields of research classification.
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